The documentary, Orchids: my intersex adventure, aims to reduce the secrecy and shame in which intersex people have been forced to spend their lives. It relates the story of filmmaker, Phoebe Hart, who, along with her sister, Bonnie, has a genetic condition now referred to as AIS, or Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, which is a form of intersexuality. Previously, those with this condition were referred to as hermaphrodites.
The Hart sisters have male chromosomes and both had their undeveloped testes surgically removed at puberty. They appeared to be female at birth as a result of the male foetus not being susceptible to the hormone that would have caused masculinisation. So they were raised as girls.
Phoebe describes the confusion and distress she experienced as a result of learning that she had male biology, that she had no uterus and would not menstruate or develop as her girlfriends did, and that she wouldn’t be able to bear children.
The film seeks to raise public awareness of intersexuality so that those who are intersex don’t have to hide their condition. It tries to ensure that intersex people can get the support of others in similar circumstances, and that they and their families don’t have to feel ashamed of what are reasonably common chromosomal variations.
Who decides which gender?
But its political implications go way beyond this. The medical profession, which reflects and enforces the rules of a patriarchal society, has historically considered that infants should be placed in one of two sex categories, and brought up to be either a girl or a boy.
In recent decades, intersex activists have campaigned against altering the bodies of children to fit into one of two sex categories. Until recently, for example, it was routine to surgically alter penises that were considered inadequate on babies with male biology, to make them into clitorises and slot them into the category of female. These surgeries were harmful and often removed the capacity for sexual sensation.
Activists argue that surgical or hormonal treatment of children to make them resemble a particular biological sex is against their human rights and should not be attempted. Intersex persons, in their view, should be able to choose for or against such treatment as adults.
Doctors may well argue that they’ve been acting in the interests of the children and their parents, because children will suffer socially if not clearly of one sex or another. And the dilemma for parents is considerable.
Patriarchal societies require clearly delineated sex categories so that the system of power that relegates girls to subordination and boys to domination can be effectively sustained. In order to regulate the system, girls and boys must be easily distinguished in public life. They are required to behave according to different stereotypes of behaviour, which are then attributed to their sex. These stereotypes are called “gender” and require boys to play football and girls to play with dolls.
Girls in western culture are expected to reflect their “gender” of femininity in the display of large areas of their bodies and to wear pastel colours. In some cultures they are required to cover their bodies and even faces. Boys aren’t so restricted and receive considerable privileges from their superior status. Such privileges are exemplified in the blokiness of the boardroom, which would be impossible to maintain if it was not clear who was a bloke.
The second wave of feminism in the 1970s and 1980s sought to break down this imperative, and to promote gender-neutral play for children and gender-neutral education. The progress made at that time has been substantially rolled back, as is clear to anyone who has been to the beach this summer.
The girl children are overwhelmingly in pink while boys can wear a variety of strong colours. Intersexual children display the gendered characteristics that they’ve been taught are appropriate to the sex category they were brought up in. If the exigencies of gender were lessened, rather than being sharpened as they are at present, then there’s more chance that intersex children wouldn’t have to be politically assigned to a sex class.
Intersex and transgender
Children and adults with an intersex condition are very different from what are commonly called “transgenders”. There is nothing unusual about the chromosomes of persons who are transgendered, though sometimes transgender activists deliberately describe themselves as intersex. They may wish to suggest that their condition is biological rather than about the pursuit of bodily changes to fit more closely with their ideas about the “gender” they want to represent.
The demands by intersex activists that children should not be forced by the administration of surgery or hormones to fit into a sex category, is diametrically at odds with the developing practice in western medicine of transgendering children diagnosed with gender dysphoria through the administration of puberty blockers as early as 10 years old.
The concept and practice of transgenderism is founded in a profound belief in innate gender difference, a belief that the experience of intersex persons often contradicts.
It’s well worth viewing this documentary. I hope that it will achieve its aim of bringing the issue of intersexuality to public attention and create debate on the host of questions that it raises, particularly about how the medical profession and parents can best relate to children with the condition.
Orchids will be aired on ABC1 on Sunday January 29 at 10 pm.
11 Comments
Paul Martin
Psychologist
logged in via email @cfhp.com.au
I have spent 25 years working with intersex people and have been constantly humbled by the courage and strength they often have or develop in the face of issues most of us would never even dream of experiencing. This condition impacts almost every aspects of people's lives and one of the biggest issues is people's ignorance and fear.
There is a lot of emotion and controversy surrounding this issue which is natural given the issues that it raises. However, I feel that this documentary gives us all an opportunity to put this aside and to connect to a real person. To understand what it means to be intersex from the perspective of this courageous person is a unique opportunity to experience empathy, compassion and understanding for thousands of other Australian's who experience these issues.
Lilly
logged in via Twitter
" XY chromosomes not male chromosomes"
XY chromosomes are male chromosomes.
January Allans
Student
logged in via email @gmail.com
Actually, hormones, hormone production and brain tissue, but, most of all, thought processes, determine gender.
Phoebe, who, in the article, it was stated, has X and Y chromosomes, has androgen insensitivity syndrome.
That means Testosterone, and other male hormones, have little to no effect on her body.
Or, there are XX people (The chromosomes that would normally lead one to assume female) who are born with a phallus and whose body doesn't respond to Estrogen and the like.
Or XX people with testes and a vagina, or XY people with a penis and a vagina - basically, anything can, and will happen, and your insensitivity makes a hard situation harder.
People in this situation, ideally, would have a choice which gender they decide to present as, or if they even subscribe to binary gender at all.
Gina Oii Australia
logged in via Facebook
No lilly they are not. They may be the chtromosomes most commonly associated with male like features but not all people who have XY chromosomes were born male or are male just as all people who were born with Xx chromosomes were born.female or are female .
If you dont understand this you don't understand Intersex .
The notion that the possesion of a y chromosome destows malenss on an individual is at the heart of the essentialism that plays a significant part in Intersex discrimination.
The central point of this film is the main character is a female with XY chromosomes and how difficult it is for society to accept that.
Miska Scumorama
logged in via Facebook
Incorrect. You are confusing "sex" with "gender".
Phoebe (the subject of the film) is biologically male. There is no such thing as a "female with XY chromosomes".
Phoebe has been socialised and raised as female though, so socially-speaking, she could be considered to be a woman. This does NOT mean that she is biologically female, however.
Alison Cook
Accountant
logged in via email @alisoncc.com
Thought the program was a bit of a "poor me", very ego-centric. In comparison to some she was very lucky. Some years ago a senior paedriatic surgeon was being interviewed on a UK TV program on issues relating to how they decide what gender a child should be when sex at birth is indeterminate.
He commented that sometimes external environmental issues play a part and then gave an example. During the closing stages of WWII and it's immediate aftermath, as the country was going to be very short of men, they were almost automatically turned into boys. I was born during that period, and at the age of fifteen my parents put me into the military "to make a man out of me". It wasn't until my early fifties that I was able to become the person I should have been.
Gina Oii Australia
logged in via Facebook
Golly The language she uses is unfortunate. Intersexuals , Intersexed, conditions etc... so she clearly buys into differences of sex anatomy as being a pathology( condition) which seems to undo her basic premise that the medical profession is enforcing the rules of a patriarchal society.
If we have a condition surely that means medical intervention is warranted to relieve us of it.... These university professors are such a trick.
So we have no rights as Intersex but with a bit of a nip and…
show full commentJanuary Allans
Student
logged in via email @gmail.com
I'm wondering why Transpeople like myself have to be thrown under the bus like this.
show full comment-
The demands by intersex activists that children should not be forced by the administration of surgery or hormones to fit into a sex category, is diametrically at odds with the developing practice in western medicine of transgendering children diagnosed with gender dysphoria through the administration of puberty blockers as early as 10 years old.
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Puberty *blockers*, not the administration of hormones.
This…
Gina Oii Australia
logged in via Facebook
January.
The problem is a construct by seperatist and those who view Trans through a very narrow lense of essentialism and Binary absolutes.
Have no fear of being thrown under any bus by us . We stand sholder to sholder with all of those who resist Homophobia/Trans[phobia or are subjected to it.
The effort to seperate us out in order to argue a particular point then throw us back when we are to awkward or our bodies confound them will never see us positioning ourselves in a way that ses our rights acieved at the expense of others or even to see our rights acheived in isolation to those with who we share parrallel or convergent opressions.
Salami tactics have for too long been the respponse to governments in addressing the needs and rights of disadvantaged minorities.
Indi RiotGrl Edwards
logged in via Facebook
I know I'm tired of living in the dark about this. I think shedding light on IS lives is what we really need. I am tired of all the mythology and confusion. This film really spoke to me and more importantly for me. <3 Orchids
Terri Stewart
logged in via Facebook
This is so wrong:
"The concept and practice of transgenderism is founded in a profound belief in innate gender difference, a belief that the experience of intersex persons often contradicts."
Being transgender is not equivalent with a belief in gender binary. Check your assumptions.