• BA Cambridge University (Medicine and Political Science), June 1985
• MBBChir, Cambridge University, June 1988
• Member of Royal College of Physicians (MRCP), Royal College of Physicians of Glasgow, June 1992
• Master of Public Health (MPH), Leeds University, September 1994
• Member of Faculty of Public Health Medicine (MFPHM), Faculty of Public Health Medicine, October 1997
• MD (Doctor of Medicine), Cambridge University, July 2005